Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of the endocrine system associated with pathological changes in the nutrition of hormonal backgrounds and metabolic processes.
To date, it is not helpless to eliminate the disease (complete cancellation).It is possible to slow down the destructive process in the body through medication and dietary therapy, but it is not possible to stop it and start in the opposite direction.
The main symptom of the disease is a chronic increase in blood glucose.The reasons and nature of the disease are different, so it is divided into several types.
Types of diabetes (SD) are determined by the World Health Organization and there are no fundamental differences in the world.All types of diabetes are not applied to infectious diseases.
Type of pathology
There are several types of disease with a basic sign - glucose glucose concentration.The typical of the diabetes is due to the reasons for him.The patient's therapy, sexual and age therapy methods also occur.
Types of diabetes accepted in medicine:
- First type insulin -Defendent (ISD 1) or minors;
- Secondly insulin -Defendependent (InzSD 2) or insulin -Rezin;
- Gestational Mellitus (HSD) in the perinatal period in women;
- Other special types of Dibet, including:
- Damage to the cells of the pancreas level in a genetic level (various Modi Diabetes);
- pathologies of pancreas extension function;
- Pathologies of the glands of external secretions and their functions (endocrinopathy);
- pharmacology caused by diabetes;
- diabetes as a result of congenital infections;
- SD related to genome pathologies and heritage defects;
- Violation of glycemia (blood sugar) in an empty stomach and violation of glucose tolerance.
In advance, the level of the body is a border line, the level of glycemia is turtled by blood sugar indicators, "Kim 2014) is suffering from the World Health Organization (Kim 2014), 90% of endocrinologist patients.
According to medical statistics, the tendency to increase the number of people is followed all over the world.Over the past 20 years, the number of diabetic patients in Type 2 increased twice.GSD is about 5% of pregnancies.Special diabetes are extremely unique and occupied by a small percentage in medical statistics.
In terms of InzSD 2, in terms of gender affiliation, prelimacteric period and more are found in women during menopause.This is due to a change in hormonal status and additional pounds.In men, the development factor of type 2 diabetes is the chronic inflammation of the pancreas, due to the poisonous effects of ethanol.
Insulin--Vortized diabetes (1 species)
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the uselessness of pancreat cells.The body does not perform Endocrine (Intra -ReGional) function for insulin production - a hormone responsible for providing the body with glucose.As a result of the accumulation of glucose in the blood, the bodies do not receive full nutrition, including the pancreas.
To imitate the natural production of Endocrine Hormone, the patient is determined by various temporary sustainability (short and long), as well as medical insulins with dietary therapy.The classification of the first type of diabetes is dictated by various ethiology of the disease.There are two reasons for the disease insulin -defendepends: genetic and autoimmune.
Genetic reason
The formation of pathology is associated with a biological feature to deliver its own characteristics and pathological deviations to future generations.As for diabetes, children inherited the disease of parents or close relatives suffering from children or diabetes.
Important!There is a sloping inclination, but the diseases are not.The development of diabetes has no 100% guarantee.
The cause of autoimmune
The formation of the disease is activated by the antibodies of autoimmune, which destroys body cells under the influence of negative factors, under the influence of adverse factors.Triggers (impetus) are used to launch autoimmune processes:
- Unhealthy food behavior with hypodynamia;
- metabolic deficiency (carbohydrate, lipid and protein);
- Critical shortcoming in the body of Cholegalciferol and Ergocalciferol (Group D vitamins D);
- Pancreatic pathology of a chronic nature;
- Epidemic traffic jams (pigs), measles, herpes cksaki virus, Epstein-barra virus, cytomegalovirus, viral hepatitis a, b, c;
- distress (stay in a state of nevropsychool stress);
- Chronic alcoholism;
- Wrong treatment with hormone-medical medications.
ISSD is formed in the form of children, children, adolescents and adults.1A The child's version of diabetes development is associated with complex viral infections.1B form comes in children in young people and children against the background of autoimmune processes and hereditary trends.The disease is usually developed in forced mode within a few weeks or months.
Insulin -resistant diabetes (type 2)
The difference between the second type of diabetes is Mellitus and the first, the first of the pancreatic insulin does not stop the synthesis.Glucose is concentrated in blood and is not delivered to the body's cells and tissues due to lack of sensitivity to insulins.Treatment to a certain point is carried out through hypoglycemic (sugar-wall) medications and diet therapy.
In order to compensate the balance of the body, the pancreas activates the production of hormone.Work in Urgent mode, wear the body over time and loses a disciplinary-aqaq function.Type 2 crosses diabetes to insulin.The reduction or loss of cells to endogenous hormones is associated with obesity that primarily fat and carbohydrate metabolism is broken.
This is especially true of visceral obesity (oil collapse around the internal organs).In addition, blood flow is difficult because of its body weight, which occurred with hypercolystinemia, which is always accompanied by a hypercolystinemia.The body's cells are experiencing a lack of nutrition and energy sources.Other factors affecting the development of inexSD include:
- Alcohol operation;
- Gastronomic addiction to sweet dishes;
- Diseases of chronic pancreas;
- Pathologies of the heart and vascular system;
- evil in food in a seated lifestyle background;
- Invalid hormone therapy;
- Ink pregnancy;
- dysfunctional heredity (diabetes in parents);
- Distress.
Most diseases are developing in women and men from 40+ years of age.In this case, the diabetes of the second type is hidden in nature and may not show clear symptoms for several years.Blood can detect pyrotiabet before testing in time for glucose.Antabethetic situation with adequate therapy turns back.If time is lost, it is advancing and later diagnosed with IFZSD.
Lada Diabetes
The term "Diabetes 1.5" in medicine is found name or Lada diabetes.This is the fault of the production of hormones, the autoimm's violation and metabolism processes in adults (25+ years old).The disease combines the first and second varieties of diabetes.Development mechanism is the manifestation of ISD, secret courses and symptoms.
Triggers for the development of pathology are autoimmune diseases in the patient's history:
- Inadequate inflammation of intervertebral compounds (ankylosing spondylitis);
- An irreversible disease of the central nervous system - very sclerosis;
- Granulomatic inflammatory pathology of the gastrointestinal tract (Crohns disease);
- Chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland (Hashimoto thyroiditis);
- Juvenile and rheumatoid arthritis;
- the skin (vitiligo) color (loss of pigment);
- Inflammatory pathology of colon mucosa (ulcerative colitis);
- Chronic damage to connective tissue and glands of external secretion (Sharen syndrome).
In a hereditary prone way, autoimmune disorders lead to the progress of the Lada diabetes.The main diagnostic methods to determine the disease, as well as blood microscopy, as well as the concentration of the IGG class immunoglobulins (immuno-talium analysis).Therapy is carried out by regular insulin injections and feeding.
The gestational form of disease
The GSD is a special type of diabetes that develop in women in the second half of the perinatal period.When the waiting mother passes the full examination, the disease is found during the second planned choice.The main feature of the GSD coincides with type 2 diabetes - this is an insulin resistance.The cells of a pregnant woman lose insulin touch (sensitivity) due to the correlation of three main cause:
- Hormonal is reset.During the gestation period, the synthesis of Progestero (steroid sex hormone) inhibiting insulin production.Moreover, Placenta's endocrine hormones gain strength in which inhibited insulin production.
- Twice the woman's body doubled.The body requires a growing amount of glucose to ensure the full nutrition of the unborn child.A woman begins to use more monosakcarides to make the pancreas to synthesize more insulin.
- An increase in the reduction in physical activity of body weight.The body gathers in the blood, gathering in the blood, because the cells refuse to perceive insulin due to obesity and hypodynamia.In such a situation, the expected mother and fruit are deficiencies in nutrients and energy hunger.
Unlike the first and second type, unlike gestational diabetes, insulin molecules and the functional capacity of the pancreas is a process that can be turned back.
Properly selected therapeutic tactics guarantee the elimination of pathology after 85% of work.The main method of treatment of GDC treatment is a diet for diabetics with diabetics "Table № 9".In difficult cases, medical insulin injections are used.Sahabro wins drugs are not used due to teratogenic effects of fetus.
In addition to
Special diabetes are genetically defined (Modi sugary diabetes, endocrinopathy) or other chronic pathologies:
- Pancreatic diseases: pancreatitis, hemochromatosis, tumors, cystic fibrosis, mechanical injuries and cloth operation;
- Functional deficiency of the front lobe of the pituitary gland (Akromegali);
- growing synthesis of thyroid hormones (thyrootoxicosis);
- hypothalamic-pituitary (iceco-cushing syndrome);
- adrenal cortex (aldosteror, pheochromositoma, etc.).
Separate diabetic pathology - non-unavoidable diabetes are characterized by a decrease in the production of hormone hormone hormone of the hormone of the vasopressine regulating the body's liquid balance.
Diagnostic measures
Diabetes diagnosis (any type) diagnosis is only possible based on the results of the blood lab microscopy.Diagnosis consists of several consecutive research:
- A common clinical blood test to determine secret inflammatory processes in the body.
- Blood test (capillary or venous) for the content of glucozo.Firmly produced in an empty stomach.
- GTT (GLUSOOSOTLERT TEST).Conducted to determine the body's ability to absorb glucose.The endurance test is two time blood fence: two hours after a blank stomach and "Glucostostol load", the role is a glucose solution made in the role of 200 ml of water in 200 ml.Items.
- HBA1C analysis glycosilated (glycated) to hemoglobin level.According to the results of the study, in the last three months in blood in the blood of blood in the blood is rated in blood.
- Blood biochemistry.Aspartateamotransferase (AST), Alanineine-Orgase (Alpha-Amylaze, Alkaline Phosphataz (SCF), Bermesterol (Gall Pigment) Indicators, Cholesterol levels are estimated.
- GlutamatDecarboxylase (gad antibodies) Blood test for the concentration of antibodies determines the type of diabetes.
Reference values of blood sugar and illness indicators
| Analysis | For sugar | Gluczotolerant Test | Glycated hemoglobin |
|---|---|---|---|
| norm | 3.3 - 5.5 | <7.8 | ⩽ 6% |
| Puncibet | 5.6 - 6.9 | 7.8 - 11.0 | Between 6 and 6.4% |
| diabetes | >7.1 | >11,1 | More than 6.5% |
In addition to the blood microscopy, a common urinary analysis is being investigated for the participation of glucose (glycosuria) in the urine.There are no sugar in healthy people (for diabetic patients, 0.061 - 0.083 mmol / l is considered the norm).The referga sample is also conducted in urine to determine the album protein and creatine.In addition, the device diagnosis is an ECG (electrocardiogram) and the ultraction of the abdomen (with kidneys).
Yield
Modern medical diabetes include pathogenesis (origin and development of the disease), insulin (InzSD 2), (diabetes 2), specifically (diabetes) or several types of diseases of disease for chronic pathologies).The perinatal period is a hasty diabetes treatment.In advance, the situation of the - the situation of glucose tolerance) is considered an early diagnosis.